rdf:typeowl:Ontology
rdfs:commentOLiA Reference Model for Morphology, Morphosyntax and Syntax
(originally
based on the EAGLES recommendations, with modifications in accordance to
DCR (ISOcat, June 2013), TDS ontology, GOLD v.03, the SFB 632 annotation guidelines,
the MULTEXT-East ontology and various annotation schemes)

Other

dc:Contributor
dc:Creatorhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4428-029X
dc:Licensehttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
dc:Publisherhttps://github.com/acoli-repo/olia
dc:TitleOntology of Linguistic Annotation (OLiA)
foaf:homepagehttp://purl.org/olia/
owl:imports
rdfs:labelOLiA
owl:versionInfo
  • Oct. 2005 created by Christian Chiarcos
    2006-2008 maintained by Christian Chiarcos and Angelika Adam
    since 2008 maintained by Christian Chiarcos
    10/01/08 updated by Christian Chiarcos
    10/01/25 added SyntacticUnit categorization
    (from GOLD [http://www.linguistics-ontology.org/gold/2008] and EAGLES recommendations
    [http://www.ilc.cnr.it/EAGLES96/segsasg1/node29.html#SECTION00052000000000000000])
    10/01/28 removed all owl:disjointWith and owl:complementOf, these are language-specific
    and have to be represented in a separate language model.
    10/02/17 extended SyntacticUnit categorization in accordance with the TDS ontologies
    (http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl) Christian
    10/02/18 adopted TIGER edge labels as syntactic role and semantic role
    10/03/11 manual restructuring of OWL file begun
    10/03/23 morphosyntactic classes revised
    10/03/24 CaseFeature extended by TDS grammaticalCase, GOLD CaseValue and DCR case features
    DefinitenessFeature checked against TDS definitenessProperty and DCR (missing in GOLD)
    DegreeFeature checked against DCR (missing in GOLD and TDS)
    TenseFeature extended in accordance with TDS tenseProperty and GOLD TenseValue (DCR not yet)
    GenderFeature checked against TDS case and GOLD GenderValue (DCR not yet)
    SemanticRole extended in accordance with TDS semanticRoleProperty (missing in GOLD,
    merged with grammatical case there)
    PersonFeature checked and extended against GOLD and TDS
    MoodFeature extended in accordance with TDS modalityProperty and GOLD MoodValue
    AspectFeature extended in accordance with TDS aspectProperty and GOLD AspectValue
    Habitual remodelled as Aspect
    10/03/25 SyntacticRole checked and extended against GOLD syntacticRole (properties)
    and DCR syntacticCategory, modifyingRelation
    VoiceFeature extended against GOLD VoiceValue and TDS grammaticalVoice
    hierarchically structured
    restructuring concluded
    10/04/06 extended InflectionType, added Countability and Valency as features and properties (in accordance with
    Sampson (1995), see susa.owl
    10/04/08 extensions with respect to constituent types, syntactic relations and semantic roles
    in accordance with Dipper et al. (2007), see sfb632.owl
    10/04/13 extension wrt. the morphosyntactic profile of the DCR (ISOcat, www.isocat.org)
    10/04/14 validation, PossessiveFeature removed
    10/04/15-18 additions in accordance to the PTB Bracketing Guidelines (Santorini 1991, Bies et al. 1995)
    10/11/26 introduced NounHeadedPhrase for improved compatibility with dependency parsing schemes (e.g., Connexor)
    10/11/29 added categories for topological fields in German (as used in TüBa-D/Z)
    10/12/02 added DeterminerPhrase, ForeignPhrase, subclasses of ExpletivePronoun (TüBa-D/Z)
    11/07/29 replaced url http://purl.org/olia with purl http://purl.olcl.org/olia
    11/07/31-11/08/04 linking with MULTEXT-East (http://nl.ijs.si/ME/owl/multext-east.owl = http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl)
    Clitic deprecated (replaced by CliticElement because of the ambiguity of the category in MULTEXT-East and ISOcat)
    additions: hasProximity, Distal, Proximal, CliticElement, CliticDefiniteArticle, SpecificArticle, CliticSpecificArticle,
    hasSpecificity, Specific, Nonspecific, Cliticization, ElementWithClitic, ElementWithoutClitic, ElementDemandingClitic,
    DistributiveCase, FactiveCase, DirectCase, FormalCase, MultiplicativeCase, TemporalisCase, ElativeDegree, CountNumber,
    AspectParticle, SubjunctiveParticle, VerbalParticle, LightVerb, VerbalAdverb, NegativeAdverb, ModifierAdverb, AdjectivalAdverb,
    NonspecificPronoun, DeterminalPronoun, AttributivePronoun, EmphaticDeterminer, NegativeDeterminer, UniquitiveDeterminer, PossessiveArticle,
    hasConjunct, hasWordConjunct, hasSentenceConjunct, RepetitiveCoordinatingConjunction, SubordinatingConjunctionWithNegation,
    SubordinatingConjunctionWithoutNegation, RelationalAdjective, PossessiveAdjective, NonreducedInflection, ReducedInflection, CollectiveNumeral,
    hasNumeralAgreement, DualQuantifier, PaucalQuantifier, SingularQuantifier, PluralQuantifier, Fraction, ApproximateNumeral, MultipleNumeral,
    ProQuantifier, InterrogativeQuantifier, IndefiniteQuantifier, DemonstrativeQuantifier, RelativeQuantifier, QuotativeVerb, QuotativeMood,
    NonNegated, Diminuitive, Human, AbbreviatedPronoun, FixedExpression, Adjectival, Typo, Verbal, hasObjectNumber, hasNumeralForm, ExistentialParticle
    11/08/04 eliminated redundancy of olia-top:SyntacticRelation and olia:SyntacticRelation
    SubordType, CoordType deprecated, remodelled as subconcepts of Sub/CoordinatingConjunction
    11/08/05 validation
    11/08/11 VoiceParticle (from Portuguese EAGLES)
    11/08/12 linking with T-CODEX (Old High German)
    VocativeExpression, Fronting, ConditionRole, HangingTopic (for Old High German, T-CODEX)
    CausalAdverb deprecated (= Adverb and hasSemanticRole some CauseRole)
    DeclarativeSentence = Sentence and hasMood some DeclarativeMood
    PresentParticiple (= Sentence and hasTense some Present)
    PastParticiple (= Sentence and hasTense some Past)
    11/08/12-15 linking with ILPOSTS (for Indian languages)
    added PurposiveCase, PurposiveAspect, DistributivePronoun, ConditionalParticiple, ConditionalRealisMood, ConditionalIrrealisMood, PresumptiveMood, Sequel, AbilitativeMood, SecondHonorific, SecondNonHonorific, hasEmphasis, Emphatic, NonEmphatic, SimpleAspect
    EmphaticDeterminer, EmphaticPronoun deprecated
    CausalMood (from Nowak 1996, for Inuktitut)
    MannerAdverb (= Adverb and hasSemanticRole some MannerRole) {introduced as deprecated}
    LocationAdverb (= Adverb and hasSemanticRole some LocationRole) {introduced as deprecated}
    HabitualMood (= HabitualAspect)
    11/08/15 olia_top:PhonologicalProcess introduced (reorganization of MorphologicalProcess)
    11/08/15 linking with Ancorra and IIIT tagset (for Indian languages)
    GerundVerbPhrase, SpatiotemporalNoun, InfinitiveVerbPhrase, EchoWord, Composition
    Intensifier
    11/08/15 linking with Urdu tagset (Sajjad 2007)
    TitleNoun, UnitNoun, AspectMarkingAuxiliary, TenseMarkingAuxiliary, Date added
    11/08/16 linking with EMILLE Urdu tagset (Hardie 2003)
    AdjectivalParticle, ModalityMarkingAdverb, OpenQuote, CloseQuote, ContrastiveParticle, EmphaticParticle, MultiplicativeMarker, ExclusiveEmphaticParticle, InclusiveEmphaticParticle, ReflexivePossessiveDeterminer, Izafat, RelativeAdjective added
    ContrastiveEmphaticParticle (= ContrastiveParticle and EmphaticParticle)
    11/08/16 linking with Dzongkha tagset (Chungku et al. 2010)
    added AspirationalVerb, AgentiveVerb, TenseMarkingParticle, NonAgentiveVerb, LocativePronoun, NominalNumber, CaseMarker, PeriodicAdjective, CharacteristicAdjective, DifferentialPronoun, NominalQuantifier
    HonorificVerb, HonorificCommonNoun added (=> Honorificity to be remodelled)
    13/03/03 linking with Uby Pos annotation model (http://www.ukp.tu-darmstadt.de/data/lexical-resources/uby/)
    added GivenName, FamilyName, comments for PersonalPronoun, Separability
    13/03/03 partial "hasFeature Self"-modeling for ...Feature concepts: not inferable through Fact++ or Hermit, though, hence incomplete
    13/03/04 linking with Uby Pos annotation model (http://www.ukp.tu-darmstadt.de/data/lexical-resources/uby/)
    Contraction, Phraseme, LexicalUnit (as generalization over Phraseme and Lexeme), Initialism
    13/03/04 olia-top:XYFeature olia:hasXY Self for most XYFeatures
    13/06/24 additions from ISOcat morphosyntactic profile: FusedPrepositionPronoun, ElativeNoun, InterrogativeMultiplicativeQuantifier, FocusMarker, AdjutativeVoice, AversiveCase
    13/06/25 additions from ISOcat morphosyntactic profile: VisualEvidentiality, OtherSourceEvidentiality, DeductiveEvidentiality, Exclusive, Inclusive, Homonym, Homophone, CircumstantialVoice
    13/06/27 ISOcat additions: MannerNoun (deprecated), QuestionWord (extended to be a generalization over InterrogativeXY, deprecated), GeneralizationWord, EpistemicPossibilityModality, DebitiveMood, InchoativeAspect, PresentativePronoun, IndefiniteCardinalQuantifier, NumeralBoth (deprecated), GraphicalSeparator, Impossible, Possible, EpistemicNecessityModality, TemporallyDefinedUsage, PrepositionalAdverb, DeclarativePunctuation, Multal, ObligativeModality, RomanNumeral, DigitNumeral, Script, ParticleAdverb (deprecrated), ApplicativeVoice, EvaluativeModality, PlaceNoun (deprecated), String [generalized as orthographical anchor point for RomanNumeral]
    13/06/28 ISOcat additions: Masdar, Ideophone, DeficientVerb (deprecated), IndefiniteMultiplicativeQuantifier, PermissiveModality, WeakObligativeModality, ExistentialPronoun (deprecated), InstrumentNoun, PhysicalAbilitiveModality, MedioPassiveVoice, InterrogativeCardinalQuantifier, CompletiveAspect, PseudopassiveVoice, LetterNumeral, ContextualVariation, Homograph, CollectivePronoun, PossessiveRelativePronoun, ExpansionVariation, CausativeVoice, Augmentative, FusedPronounAuxiliary, AntiCausativeVoice, StatusConstructus, PreferredEvaluative, PejorativeEvaluative, CommissiveForce, ActionalForce, VolitiveForce
    hasEvaluativeFeature (for ISOcat PreferredEvaluative and PejorativeEvaluative), HortativeModality (from GOLD, missing in the corresponding ISOcat export)
    disentangled Modality and Mood: for every Mood, created a corresponding Modality as superclass; XYMood is subconcept of Mood and XYModality concept, hasMood only for Mood, hasModality for Modality
    16/04/18 selected French labels for the Bambara Reference Corpus (BRC)
    added OnomatopoeticWord, QualitativeVerb, PredicativeMarker
    OWL/DL validation
    16/08/29 added Frame, hasMovementFeature, Control and Raising for compliance with lexinfo
    17/06/26 fixed occasional type errors at owl:deprecated
    18/01/08 added Converb (for Eastern Armenian National Corpus)
    19/07/27 lexinfo linking: added DeverbalAdjective as a generalization over (and superclass of) ParticipleAdjective, DenominalAdjective (for lexinfo:adjective-na), GenericNumeral (for lexinfo:genericNumeral), InflectionElement (for lexinfo:inflectionElement), Radical (for lexinfo:radical), Syllable (for lexinfo:syllable), ClippedTerm, Appellation, Idiom, Internationalism, SetPhrase, Boilerplate (for lexinfo:standardText), Deprecated (for lexinfo:deprecatedTerm), LegalRegister (for lexinfo:legalTerm), Deprecated (for lexinfo:deprecatedTerm), Preferred (for lexinfo:preferredTerm), Standardized (for lexinfo:standardizedTerm);
    revised Contraction, Composition;
    introduced Identifier as generalization over Appellation, NamedEntity and lexinfo:partNumber;
    introduced TextStructuralElement as generalization over Headline, Boilerplate, etc.
    20/02/24 add Chunk (from Ancorra tagset), JussiveMood (from Arabic, Khoja et al. 2008)
    20/02/27 clarify definition of Unique
    2022-05-23 rdfs:labels added (automatically)

    Christian Chiarcos chiarcos@informatik.uni-frankfurt.de
  • TODO: simplify {Interrogative,Indefinite,...}/{Cardinal,Multiplicative,...}Quantifier dichothomies
    In subsequent versions, however, orthographical definitions should be handled with existing ontologies specializing on the description on language, e.g., lexvo
    check gerundive vs. gerund
    update GOLD linking